Backend web development refers to the server side of development. This deals with a focus on how the site works and usually consists of four main components
- the server
- the database
- the middleware
- the programming languages and frameworks
Servers
These are computers that store, process and deliver web pages to the user. A few web servers that you may run across are Apache (the more popular one), IIS, nginx, and GWS.
Databases
The database accepts a query, retrieves the data, and returns it to the website. The number 1 ranked database is MySQL. It is one of the most popular Open Source SQL database management systems.
Middleware
Middleware creates a middle layer between the apps and the network. It can be multi-layered. This is where APIs (application programming interfaces provide a bridge between the business layer of middleware and the presentation layer.
Programming Languages and Frameworks
A majority of sites are built on PHP, which is one of the most popular back-end scripting languages. Languages differ in performance, compatibility, style and how many lines of code are required.
- https://www.upwork.com/resources/beginners-guide-back-end-development